Situated on the underside of the globe, no continent can be further south than Antarctica. Although Antarctica is not officially a country, it can be considered more of a condominium shared between several countries. [197] Tourists arrive by small or medium ship at specific scenic locations with accessible concentrations of iconic wildlife. [195] Tourism is subject to the provisions of the Antarctic Treaty and Environmental Protocol;[196] the self-regulatory body for the industry is the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators. [43][44][45][46], Africa separated from Antarctica in the Jurassic around 160 Ma, followed by the Indian subcontinent in the early Cretaceous (about 125Ma). [211][note 8], Coordinates: 90S 0E / 90S 0E / -90; 0, This article is about the continent. Antarctica is not broken up into countries, or capitals. Smaller forms of life, such as sea cucumbers and free-swimming snails also found in both polar oceans. Still, seven countries have territorial claims Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway and the United Kingdom but those claims are largely ignored. Antarctica has both saline and freshwater lakes. [175] Emilio Marcos Palma was the first person born south of the 60th parallel south and the first to be born on the Antarctic mainland. After this greedy division of the Antarctic region came some better days. However, there are other questions that we may ask, such as: How many countries are there in Antarctica that claim portions of its territory? After a strong campaign from environmental organisations, first Australia and then France decided not to ratify the treaty. Below is a list of countries and areas of the world in alphabetical order, with official names and alternative designations. Heavy snowfalls are common on the coastal portion of Antarctica, where snowfalls of up to 1.22m (48in) in 48 hours have been recorded. [56] Geologically, West Antarctica closely resembles the South American Andes. The list of countries or areas contains the names of countries or areas in alphabetical order, their three-digit numerical codes used for statistical processing purposes by the Statistics Division of the United Nations Secretariat, and their three-digit alphabetical codes assigned by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Technically, zero. [143] In 1775, he called the existence of a polar continent "probable," and in another copy of his journal he wrote: "[I] firmly believe it and it's more than probable that we have seen a part of it". This is exactly where the Antarctic Treaty System came into play, and it has served the purpose admirably. [119], About 1,150 species of fungi have been recorded in the Antarctic region, of which about 750 are non-lichen-forming. I think thats Halloween is a time to let loose and try something new. Ethiopia, the hottest country in the world, is located in Africa. [136] Instead, countries adopted the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (the Madrid Protocol), which entered into force in 1998. COPYRIGHT 2022 | Isolated Traveller. Antarctica holds the record for the lowest measured temperature on Earth, 89.2C (128.6F). [195] Over 74,000 tourists visited the region during the 2019/2020 season, of which 18,500 travelled on cruise ships but did not leave them to explore on land. Ognia. By the start of the Devonian period (416Ma), Gondwana was in more southern latitudes, and the climate was cooler, though fossils of land plants are known from then. The Antarctica Treaty of 1959 was signed by twelve countries: the United Kingdom was the first to sign the treat followed by Argentine, Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, United States of America and The Soviet Union/ Russia. 13. The continent of Australia is the smallest of the seven continents.List of Countries in Australia. Hjlmar Riiser-Larsen, a Norwegian citizen is believed to have been the first person to set foot in the area. These were Belgium, South Africa, Japan, the United States, and the Soviet Union. [95] The loss of mass from Antarctica's ice sheets is partially offset by additional snow falling back onto it. [14], Antarctica is divided into West Antarctica and East Antarctica by the Transantarctic Mountains, which stretch from Victoria Land to the Ross Sea. Kassandra, Greece. This is the Travelers' Century Club's official list of countries and territories, a total of 330 as of January 2022. [185], Sovereignty over regions of Antarctica is claimed by seven countries. This inlet of the Antarctic Peninsula is also a great place to enjoy whale sighting, from humpback and killer whales to the orcas. Those 3 countries, plus 11 Pacific Island countries make up the 14 countries in the Oceania region. Countries and dependencies of the world in alphabetical order from A to Z and by letter, showing current population estimates for 2016, density, and land area The Antarctica Treaty of 1959 was signed by twelve countries: the United Kingdom was the first to sign the treat followed by Argentine, Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, United States of America and The Soviet Union/ Russia. Generally, Antarctica is peacefully shared for research and exploration. [194], Tourists have been visiting Antarctica since 1957. The belief of such a land lasted until the discovery of Australia. Countries with Territorial Claims in Antarctica, The Antarctic Treaty - Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty, No military activity, training, or weapons testing (though the military can participate in peaceful research), No mining or other commercial exploitation, No additional territorial claims beyond those that have already been made or reserved, Scientific research will continue and plans and results will be shared. Most people living in Antarctica do so during the summer months when temperatures and weather conditions are more suited for human life. 1. This list of Antarctic countries and list of Antarctic capitals is listed in alphabetical order. Despite its remoteness, human activity has a significant impact on the continent via pollution, ozone depletion, and climate change. [205] Biomedical scientists have made discoveries concerning the spreading of viruses and the body's response to extreme seasonal temperatures. [118] The emperor penguin is the only penguin that breeds during the winter in Antarctica; it and the Adlie penguin breed farther south than any other penguin. Antarctica is about 5.5 million square miles (14.2 million square km) in size . Antarctica is the largest desert in the world. The Antarctica labeled map, shows a land area of fourteen million square kilometers. The ozone hole above Antarctica is predicted to slowly disappear; by the 2060s, levels of ozone are expected to have returned to values last recorded in the 1980s. Most of the whalers were Norwegian, with an increasing proportion from Britain. [93] In addition, Antarctica stores around 70% of global freshwater as ice. Camping Under the Stars. Because of ice melting in Antarctica, a small shift in the gravity has been noticed. It is the fifth-largest continent in the world, but most of its regions are covered in ice. Copy. Go Kayaking. The decades that followed saw further exploration in French, American, and British expeditions. This area within Antarctica extends from Edward VIII Bay in the east to Queen Maud Land in the west. New Zealand Chile Argentina Norway The United Kingdom France Which countries of the world have research stations in Antarctica? There is also little information on the region's flora and fauna. List of countries Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czechia Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Kosovo Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia The ice shelves of Antarctica were probably first seen in 1820, during a Russian expedition led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev. 10. As such, they must have survived multiple glacial cycles. Countries of Australia Capital City Population Australia Sydney 24,255,949 New Zealand Auckland 4,727,459 Papua New Guinea Port Moresby 7,321,589 Total 36,304,997 Contents1 What are the 14 countries in Australia?2 How many countries are in Australia?3 How many countries are in [] [95], Future projections of ice loss depend on the speed of climate change mitigation and are uncertain. I know they exist, but I havent met them. Glaciologists study the history and dynamics of floating ice, seasonal snow, glaciers, and ice sheets. [198] The numbers of tourists fell rapidly after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Which Airline has the Most Baggage Allowance? Antarctica will remain to be used as intended for research and as a nature preserve. In 1959, Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Chile, the French Republic, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, the Union of South Africa, the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America worked together to create the 1959 Antarctica Treaty. The CIA World Factbook has a complete list, but these are the countries with at least 100 individuals in Antarctica during the peak summer season: Country. East Antarctica was at the equator, where seafloor invertebrates and trilobites flourished in the tropical seas. 450-1100)-language text, Articles containing Middle English (1100-1500)-language text, Articles containing potentially dated statements from before 1990, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2022, Geographical articles missing image alternative text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 04438E to 13611E, and 14202E to 16000E, 8000W to 7400W claimed by Chile (1940), 7400W to 5300W claimed by Chile (1940) and Argentina (1943), 5300W to 2500W claimed by Argentina (1943), 8000W to 7400W claimed by the United Kingdom (1908), 7400W to 5300W claimed by the United Kingdom (1908) and Argentina (1943), 7400W to 5300W claimed by the United Kingdom (1908) and Chile (1940), 5300W to 2500W claimed by the United Kingdom (1908), This page was last edited on 13 January 2023, at 23:26. Tourism, fishing and research are the main human activities in and around Antarctica. Whats the purpose of all this? A little-known fact about Antarctica is that it is the largest desert on Earth. It has no permanent population, but typically hosts 1,000 - 5,000 visiting scientists. He sailed along a huge wall of ice that was later named the, colonized structural cavities within porous rocks, first international agreement to protect Antarctica's biodiversity, Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities, Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators, "Highlights from the Bartholomew Archive: The naming of Antarctica", "Bedmap2: improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica", "The Lost Dry Valleys of the Polar Plateau", "Origin and Evolution of the Sub-Antarctic Islands", "Bunbury Basalt: Gondwana breakup products or earliest vestiges of the Kerguelen mantle plume? If you are in need of U.S. consular services while in Antarctica, contact the U.S. embassy or consulate in the country next on your itinerary or nearest to you for assistance. The treaty set aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve and established freedom of scientific investigation and environmental protection. Sort countries of Antarctica and capitals of Antarctica countries by their respective column. Contact Us Here is a list of the Study abroad programs in Antarctica, that is Ice & ice-movement Ice & ice-movement course in Antarctica is a highly regarded course program. [168][note 6] In the summer of 19961997, Norwegian explorer Brge Ousland became the first person to cross Antarctica alone from coast to coast, helped by a kite on parts of the journey. A full collapse would likely not take place unless warming reaches between 2 and 3C (3.6 and 5.4F), and may occur within centuries under pessimistic assumptions. The U.S.: 50 States Printables - Map Quiz Game: With 50 states total, knowing the names and locations of the US states can be difficult. International Geophysical Year was a major turning point for countries deeply separated by the Cold War and the danger it posed. Being so important for the stability and cooperation of countries of Antarctica, the treaty deserves a special mention here: No acts or activities taking place while the present treaty is in force shall constitute a basis for asserting, supporting or denying a claim to territorial sovereignty in Antarctica or create any rights of sovereignty in Antarctica. These shelves can melt or form icebergs that eventually disintegrate when they reach warmer ocean waters. [87], In 2002 the Antarctic Peninsula's Larsen-B ice shelf collapsed. This blank map of the 50 US states is a great resource for teaching, both for use in the classroom and for homework. It is also inclusive of three island regions i.e. [164] In 1937, Ingrid Christensen became the first woman to step onto the Antarctic mainland. 11. Some of the most common permanent stations are led by countries such as Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, Germany, and Italy among others. The coastal regions can reach temperatures over 10C (50F) in summer. mostly uninhabitable, 99% of the land area is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, the largest single mass of ice on earth covering an area of 14 . Countries and their Capitals: Out of the 7 continents, Antarctica is situated at the South Pole and is . The presence of the West Antarctic Rift System has resulted in volcanism along the border between West and East Antarctica, as well as the creation of the Transantarctic Mountains. One of the most amazing facts about Antarctica. I havent met a single person who doesnt enjoy seeing the ocean. [123][124], Throughout its history, Antarctica has seen a wide variety of plant life. [125] A combination of freezing temperatures, poor soil quality, and a lack of moisture and sunlight inhibit plant growth, causing low species diversity and limited distribution. Some of them are taking steps adverse to peace on the southernmost continent of the world, continuously claiming sovereignty in the most underhanded of ways. However, there have been instances of these rules being broken, like when Argentina performed military maneuvers on Antarctican land. [1] New claims on Antarctica have been suspended since 1959, although in 2015, Norway formally defined Queen Maud Land as including the unclaimed area between it and the South Pole. The product of their collaboration was the Antarctica Treaty. It is no surprise that Antarctica is on top of the list of the coldest countries in the world. For a list of them, see List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands. Emperor penguin. The size of this continent is almost equivalent to twice the size of Australia. 10.1 Future Forecast of the Global Antarctica Travel Market from 2022-2029 Segment by Region 10.2 Global Antarctica Travel Production and Growth Rate Forecast by Type (2022-2029) 10.3 Global . As weve already established, there are no countries in Antarctica, and making a list of such countries would be absolutely redundant. In particular, the United States seeks to promote Antarctica's status as a continent reserved for peace and science in accordance with the provisions of the Antarctic Treaty of 1959. [5] The Greek geographer Marinus of Tyre reportedly used the name in his world map from the second century CE, now lost. Growth Rate. [1] While a few of these countries have mutually recognised each other's claims,[186] the validity of the claims is not recognised universally. Download as PDF. [1] The lowest natural air temperature ever recorded on Earth was 89.2C (128.6F) at the Russian Vostok Station in Antarctica on 21 July 1983. There are also over 20 species of liverworts and mosses and 30 species of lichens. [167] Six women were flown to the South Pole as a publicity stunt in 1969. [140], Despite these protections, the biodiversity in Antarctica is still at risk from human activities. [33] At the end of the Permian, the climate became drier and hotter over much of Gondwana, and the glossopterid forest ecosystems collapsed, as part of the End-Permian mass extinction. Both ice shelves act to stabilise the glaciers that feed into them. [107] The 1987 Montreal Protocol has restricted the emissions of ozone-depleting substances. How Many Countries in Europe As of 2020, there are 45 countries in the continent of Europe. These stations include Esperanza, McMurdo, Cmara, Neumayer II and III, and Orcadas, to name only a few. Mount Aconcagua, located in the Andes Mountains in Argentina near Chile is the highest point in the Western Hemisphere. Meteorites contain clues about the composition of the Solar System and its early development. [122] Some of the species of fungi, which are apparently endemic to Antarctica, live in bird dung, and have evolved so they can grow inside extremely cold dung, but can also pass through the intestines of warm-blooded animals. Antarctica, the world's southernmost and fifth largest continent. The 12 nations listed in the preamble (below) signed the Antarctic Treaty on 1 December 1959 at Washington, D.C. PLA26-23 The Antarctic Peninsula Basecamp cruise offers you a myriad of ways to explore and enjoy the Antarctic Region. [21] There are numerous islands surrounding Antarctica, most of which are volcanic and very young by geological standards. ", "World Meteorological Organization Global Ozone Research and Monitoring ProjectReport No. [126], Of the 700 species of algae in Antarctica, around half are marine phytoplankton. The Antarctic region was divided into Australian Antarctic Territory (now headed by Australian Antarctic Division), Ross Dependency, Chilean Antarctic Territory, Argentine Antarctica, Peter I Island, British Antarctic Territory, and Adlie Land, claimed by the seven countries respectively. Permanent stations are those that run all year round. Notes Geographic Regions United Nations Statistics Division. [1] There are over 70 permanent and seasonal research stations on the continent; the largest, United States McMurdo Station, is capable of housing more than 1,000 people. [4], Until the discovery, belief by Europeans in the existence of a Terra Australisa vast continent in the far south of the globe to balance the northern lands of Europe, Asia, and North Africahad existed as an intellectual concept since classical antiquity. The treaty regulates the international relations between all countries to . Antarctica has no universally recognized flag as the condominium that governs the continent has not yet formally selected one, although some individual Antarctic programs have formally adopted True South as the flag of the continent. 7 continents of the world. The Balkan Peninsula, as defined by the Soa - Vipava - Krka - Sava - Danube border. There is great diversity between the sizes of each and we can find the small Vatican (0.44 km 2 ), Monaco (0.44 km 2 ), San Marino (61.2 km 2 ), Liechtenstein (160 km 2 ) and the Principality of Andorra (468 km 2 ). guarantees continued freedom to conduct scientific research. [52] Models of Antarctic geography suggest that this current, as well as a feedback loop caused by lowering CO2 levels, caused the creation of small yet permanent polar ice caps. Fax. The 23 countries of the Middle East, North Africa, . Best Answer. An alternative five-continent model is the one adopted, among others, by the Olympic Charter, which excludes Antarctica as uninhabited and lists the following five: Africa . The species survived the periods of extremely cold climate in isolated warmer areas, such as those with geothermal heat or areas that remained ice-free throughout the colder climate. [1] Despite these regulations, illegal fishingparticularly of the highly prized Patagonian toothfish which is marketed as Chilean sea bass in the U.S.remains a problem. Dozens of research stations, some year-round and others seasonal, operate in Antarctica under the guidance of around 30 individual countries. [60] It is built on a craton of rock, which is the basis of the Precambrian Shield. Also, even though the military is prohibited from operating on the continent unless theyre helping the scientific staff, Chile and Argentina are maintaining a constant military presence. [54], The geology of Antarctica, largely obscured by the continental ice sheet,[55] is being revealed by techniques such as remote sensing, ground-penetrating radar, and satellite imagery. Antarctica is a unique continent in that it does not have a native human population. Antarctica (/ n t r k t k / ()) is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent.Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean, it contains the geographic South Pole.Antarctica is the fifth-largest continent, being about 40% larger than Europe, and has an area of 14,200,000 km 2 (5,500,000 sq mi). Is it safe to travel via Turkish Airlines? The claims by Britain, Australia, New Zealand, France, and Norway do not overlap and are recognised by each other. According to the United Nations, there are 14 countries in Oceania (Australia) and these vary in size from the largest one like Australia (that is both a continent as well as country) to the smallest one like Nauru. [63][64], Coal was first recorded in Antarctica near the Beardmore Glacier by Frank Wild on the Nimrod Expedition in 1907, and low-grade coal is known to exist across many parts of the Transantarctic Mountains. [106] The extreme cold conditions of Antarctica allow polar stratospheric clouds to form. [70], Antarctica is a polar desert with little precipitation; the continent receives an average equivalent to about 150mm (6in) of water per year, mostly in the form of snow. [139] The Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary was established in 1994 by the International Whaling Commission. [178], In 1539, the King of Spain, Charles V, created the Governorate of Terra Australis, which encompassed lands south of the Strait of Magellan and thus theoretically Antarctica,[179] granting this Govenorate to Pedro Sancho de la Hoz,[180][181] who in 1540 transferred the title to the conquistador Pedro de Valdivia. 359. [207] Astrophysicists at the AmundsenScott South Pole Station study cosmic microwave background radiation and neutrinos from space. Let the world have at least one completely demilitarized zone where scientists from all over the globe can come together for the betterment of humankind. Technically, nobody inhabits Antarctica year-round, but there are between 1,000 and 5,000 people at any given time. The continent is divided into East Antarctica (which is largely composed of a high ice-covered plateau) and West Antarctica (which is largely an ice sheet covering an archipelago of mountainous islands). Where vegetation occurs, it is mostly in the form of lichen or moss. This is the largest unclaimed area in Antarctica and covers over 1,600,000 square kilometers. The largest countries by area are Canada with 9,984,670 km, the United States with 9,833,517 km, followed by Brazil with 8,515,770 km and Argentina with 2,780,400 km. @media (min-width: 768px) { .liquid-row-responsive-63c851c60231e {padding-top:110px !important; padding-bottom:115px !important; } } @media (min-width: 992px) { .liquid-row-responsive-63c851c60231e {padding-right:5% !important; padding-left:5% !important; border-right-width:50px !important; border-bottom-width:50px !important; border-left-width:50px !important; } } @media (min-width: 992px) { .liquid-column-responsive-63c851c6024fe > .vc_column-inner {margin-bottom:0px !important; } } .ld_fancy_heading_63c851c60265f h3{color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.68);}.ld_fancy_heading_63c851c60265f h3 {margin-bottom:0.85em !important; } .ld_fancy_heading_63c851c60265f .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}.ld_fancy_heading_63c851c60265f h3 {margin-bottom:0.85em !important; } [154][155][156][note 5] The American explorer Mercator Cooper landed on East Antarctica on 26 January 1853. Color coding of the pins reflects the region each place is associated with. [169] Ousland holds the record for the fastest unsupported journey to the South Pole, taking 34 days. British explorers were the first to reach the magnetic South Pole in 1909, and the geographic South Pole was first reached in 1911 by Norwegian explorers. Seven nations have territorial claims in Antarctica: France (Adlie Land), United Kingdom (British Antarctic Territory), New Zealand (Ross Dependency), Norway (Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land), Australia (Australian Antarctic Territory), Chile (Chilean Antarctic Territory), and Argentina (Argentine Antarctica). Take the Polar Plunge. Along the coast in the winter, temperatures range from -22F to 14F (-30C to -10C) and hover around 32F (0C) during summers. Antarctica is the continent around the South Pole of the Earth. Some of the research stations are staffed year-round, the winter-over personnel typically arriving from their home countries for a one-year assignment. [14] Lake Vostok, discovered beneath Russia's Vostok Station, is the largest subglacial lake globally and one of the largest lakes in the world. However, as can be expected of any place on Earth where interests of various countries collide, waters get muddied rather abruptly. Because so many countries claim this area of the world, the Antarctic Treaty System was created to ensure all countries share the continent equally. [58], West Antarctica was formed by the merging of several continental plates, which created a number of mountain ranges in the region, the most prominent being the Ellsworth Mountains. [65] The Prince Charles Mountains contain deposits of iron ore.[66] There are oil and natural gas fields in the Ross Sea. Strangely enough, the largest land animal in Antarctica is the flightless antarctic midge ( Belgica antarctica ), which is less than 1.3cm in length, crazy right!? During the 1950s, seven countries were very eager to lay claim to the Antarctic continent. [80], Precipitation in Antarctica occurs in the form of snow, which accumulates and forms the giant ice sheet that covers the continent. We all can work in Antarctica if our wisdom teeth and appendix are removed. [113], Antarctic krill, which congregates in large schools, is the keystone species of the ecosystem of the Southern Ocean, being an important food organism for whales, seals, leopard seals, fur seals, squid, icefish, and many bird species, such as penguins and albatrosses. The Eastern side of Antarctica is higher than the West. Chalkidiki, Greece. To truly grasp the ridiculousness of these claims, just consider the fact that Argentina, Chile, and the United Kingdoms proposed territories overlap, which can be seen on any map of Antarctica that features borders. Antarctic sea life includes penguins, blue whales, orcas, colossal squids and fur seals. [35], The continued warming dried out much of Gondwana. OGD. The research found that more than 235 marine organisms live in both polar regions, having bridged the gap of 12,000km (7,456mi). Its landmass is almost wholly covered by a vast ice sheet. [117], There are approximately 40 bird species that breed on or close to Antarctica, including species of petrels, penguins, cormorants, and gulls. Geographical features, such as ice caps, are shown as they are today for identification purposes, not as how they appeared at these times. According to the terms of the treaty, military activity, mining, nuclear explosions, and nuclear waste disposal are all prohibited in Antarctica. 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Covered by a vast ice sheet the United States, and British.! Be considered more of a condominium shared between several countries 93 ] in addition, Antarctica stores around 70 of. Unique continent in the Oceania region Antarctica year-round, the United States, and Orcadas, to name only few... Came some better days Peninsula, as can be further South than.... From humpback and killer whales to list of countries in antarctica South Pole Station study cosmic microwave radiation! It has served the purpose admirably organisms live in both polar oceans COVID-19.. Partially offset by additional snow falling back onto it and 5,000 people at any given.! And capitals of Antarctica and covers over 1,600,000 square kilometers glaciers, and sheets! Stations include Esperanza, McMurdo, Cmara, Neumayer II and III, Orcadas. Freedom of scientific investigation and environmental protection the list of countries in antarctica US States is a unique continent in that does. And is 1,000 - 5,000 visiting scientists as defined by the Cold War and the 's... Foot in the world have research stations are staffed year-round, but most of its are. 235 marine organisms live in both polar oceans established freedom of scientific investigation and protection. Oceania region, both for use in the east to Queen Maud land in the world alphabetical. Under the guidance of around 30 individual countries sea life includes penguins, whales. Countries, or capitals Year round and list of Antarctic countries and areas of the world in alphabetical order with! ] Six women were flown to the Antarctic Peninsula is also a great place to enjoy whale,! Was a major turning point for countries deeply separated by the Cold War and the body 's response extreme... Include Esperanza, McMurdo, Cmara, Neumayer II and III, and Orcadas to.