[90] On the advice of Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King, war with Germany was declared effective September 10, 1939, by King George VI, seven days after the United Kingdom. [340] Canada spends about 5.3percent of its GDP on education. [290] Canada has a long history of discovery in genetics, which include stem cells, site-directed mutagenesis, T-cell receptor and the identification of the genes that cause Fanconi anemia, cystic fibrosis and early-onset Alzheimer's disease, among numerous other diseases. [238] In August 2007, Canada's territorial claims in the Arctic were challenged after a Russian underwater expedition to the North Pole; Canada has considered that area to be sovereign territory since 1925. [308] The most densely populated part of the country, accounting for nearly 50 percent, is the Quebec CityWindsor Corridor in Southern Quebec and Southern Ontario along the Great Lakes and the Saint Lawrence River. The nation employs a professional, volunteer force of approximately 68,000 active personnel and 27,000 reserve personnel, increasing to 71,500 and 30,000 respectively under "Strong, Secure, Engaged" with a sub-component of approximately 5,000 Canadian Rangers. [422] Material items such as Canadian beer, maple syrup, tuques, canoes, nanaimo bars, butter tarts and the Quebec dish of poutine are defined as uniquely Canadian. [30] The decline is attributed to several causes, including the transfer of European diseases, such as influenza, measles, and smallpox to which they had no natural immunity,[27][31] conflicts over the fur trade, conflicts with the colonial authorities and settlers, and the loss of Indigenous lands to settlers and the subsequent collapse of several nations' self-sufficiency. The text was originally only in French before it was adapted into English in 1906. A fuel pump is seen in a car at a gas station in Toronto April 22, 2014. [404][405], Canada's approach to governance emphasizing multiculturalism, which is based on selective immigration, social integration, and suppression of far-right politics, has wide public support. Canada is part of several major international and intergovernmental institutions or groupings including the United Nations, NATO, G7, Group of Ten, G20, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), World Trade Organization (WTO), Commonwealth of Nations, Arctic Council, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, and Organization of American States. Moving between provinces. [191] The Prime Minister's Office (PMO) is thus one of the most powerful institutions in government, initiating most legislation for parliamentary approval and selecting for appointment by the Crown, besides the aforementioned, the governor general, lieutenant governors, senators, federal court judges, and heads of Crown corporations and government agencies. [482] The country is scheduled to co-host the 2026 FIFA World Cup alongside Mexico and the United States.[483]. [210], Canadian Aboriginal law provides certain constitutionally recognized rights to land and traditional practices for Indigenous groups in Canada. Total cases. [365], The 1977 Charter of the French Language established French as the official language of Quebec. [391][392] Canada has the second-largest national Sikh population, behind India. [35] The Crown and Indigenous peoples began interactions during the European colonization period, though the Inuit, in general, had more limited interaction with European settlers. Virtual Tour Schedule a Tour. [442] In addition to the CBC, some provincial governments offer their own public educational TV broadcast services as well, such as TVOntario and Tl-Qubec. Here's how to protect yourself. [74] Between 1871 and 1896, almost one quarter of the Canadian population emigrated south to the U.S.[75], To open the West and encourage European immigration, Parliament approved sponsoring the construction of three transcontinental railways (including the Canadian Pacific Railway), opening the prairies to settlement with the Dominion Lands Act, and establishing the North-West Mounted Police to assert its authority over this territory. [20], The first inhabitants of North America are generally hypothesized to have migrated from Siberia by way of the Bering land bridge and arrived at least 14,000 years ago. [430], Numerous Canadian authors have accumulated international literary awards,[431] including novelist, poet, and literary critic Margaret Atwood, who received two Booker Prizes;[432] Nobel laureate Alice Munro, who has been called the best living writer of short stories in English;[433] and Booker Prize recipient Michael Ondaatje, who wrote the novel The English Patient, which was adapted as a film of the same name that won the Academy Award for Best Picture. Last updated on October 19th, 2022. From north to south it spans more than half the Northern Hemisphere. The earliest work of patriotic music in Canada, "The Bold Canadian", was written in 1812. Canada is a vast and rugged land. [242] Canada's total military expenditure is expected to reach $32.7billion by 2027. [261] Canada's exports totalled over $637billion, while its imported goods were worth over $631billion, of which approximately $391billion originated from the United States. More details on the reporting schedule. [156] Canada's 18 UNESCO Biosphere Reserves cover a total area of 235,000 square kilometres (91,000sqmi). From east to west it stretches almost 4,700 miles (7,560 kilometers) across six time zones. [362], A multitude of languages are used by Canadians, with English and French (the official languages) being the mother tongues of approximately 54percent and 19percent of Canadians, respectively. [125] Canada has over 2,000,000 lakes563 of which are larger than 100km2 (39sqmi)containing much of the world's fresh water. [294] Since the 1960s, Canada's aerospace industry has designed and built numerous marques of satellite, including Radarsat-1 and 2, ISIS and MOST. January 16, 2023, 3:32 p.m. EST. [375] Due to its historical relation to the francophone culture, Quebec Sign Language (LSQ) is used primarily in Quebec, although there are sizeable Francophone communities in New Brunswick, Ontario and Manitoba. Contracts with government. [320] Eightypercent of Canadian adults self-report having at least one major risk factor for chronic disease: smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy eating or excessive alcohol use. Canada is the largest foreign supplier of energy to the US, including oil, natural gas, and electric power, and a top source of US uranium imports. [38] A period of redress is underway, which started with the appointment of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada by the Government of Canada in 2008. Of all Canadas top sights, Banff National Park justifiably ranks as many peoples number one. [473] There are numerous other sport "halls of fame" in Canada, such as the Hockey Hall of Fame. [417] The use of the maple leaf as a Canadian symbol dates to the early 18th century. [216] Canada is also a member of various other international and regional organizations and forums for economic and cultural affairs. These included the explosion of Air India Flight 182 in 1985, the largest mass murder in Canadian history;[112] the cole Polytechnique massacre in 1989, a university shooting targeting female students;[113] and the Oka Crisis of 1990,[114] the first of a number of violent confrontations between the government and Indigenous groups. [436][437] The Broadcasting Act declares "the system should serve to safeguard, enrich and strengthen the cultural, political, social and economic fabric of Canada". The Province of Canada (or the United Province of Canada or the United Canadas) was a British colony in British North America from 1841 to 1867. Chris Bolin/The Globe and Mail. Despite Canadas great size, it is one of the worlds most sparsely populated countries. [280] Canada was ranked 15th in the Global Innovation Index in 2022. The vast Athabasca oil sands and other oil reserves give Canada 13percent of global oil reserves, comprising the world's third-largest share after Venezuela and Saudi Arabia. [336] Established in 1663, Universit Laval is the oldest post-secondary institution in Canada. WebInternet TLD. [74] In 1898, during the Klondike Gold Rush in the Northwest Territories, Parliament created the Yukon Territory. One of North Americas largest urban green spaces, Stanley Park is revered for its dramatic forest-and-mountain oceanfront views. WebCOVID-19 in Canada. [419] The Arms of Canada are closely modelled after the royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom with French and distinctive Canadian elements replacing or added to those derived from the British version. [261] In 2018, Canada had a trade deficit in goods of $22billion and a trade deficit in services of $25billion. Canada holds the third largest oil reserves after Saudi Arabia and Venezuela, and is the only non-OPEC member in the top five. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom. [39], It is believed that the first European to explore the east coast of Canada was Norse explorer Leif Erikson. [307] About four-fifths of the population lives within 150 kilometres (93mi) of the border with the contiguous United States. [200], The Constitution of Canada is the supreme law of the country and consists of written text and unwritten conventions. COVID-19 vaccines have helped protect us. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the etymological origins of Canada, the name is now accepted as coming from the St. Lawrence Iroquoian word kanata, meaning "village" or "settlement". [58] It re-established the French language, Catholic faith, and French civil law there, staving off the growth of an independence movement in contrast to the Thirteen Colonies. [372] Inuktitut is the majority language in Nunavut, and is one of three official languages in the territory. The United States and Canada traded goods and services of $680 billion in 2017 more than $1.8 billion per day. [144] About 65 percent of Canada's resident species are considered "Secure". [40][41] In approximately 1000 AD, the Norse built a small short-lived encampment that was occupied sporadically for perhaps 20 years at L'Anse aux Meadows on the northern tip of Newfoundland. [434] L. M. Montgomery produced a series of children's novels beginning in 1908 with Anne of Green Gables. [356] One out of every four Canadians or 26.5percent of the population belonged to a non-White and non-Indigenous visible minority,[357][d] the largest of which in 2021 were South Asian (2.6 million people; 7.1percent), Chinese (1.7 million; 4.7percent) and Black (1.5 million; 4.3percent). [259] The Toronto Stock Exchange is the ninth-largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization, listing over 1,500 companies with a combined market capitalization of over US$2trillion. [349], The country's ten largest self-reported specific ethnic or cultural origins in 2021 were Canadian[c] (accounting for 15.6percent of the population), followed by English (14.7percent), Irish (12.1percent), Scottish (12.1percent), French (11.0percent), German (8.1percent), Chinese (4.7percent), Italian (4.3percent), Indian (3.7percent), and Ukrainian (3.5percent). [454] The Group of Seven were painters with a nationalistic and idealistic focus, who first exhibited their distinctive works in May 1920. [406] Government policies such as publicly funded health care, higher taxation to redistribute wealth, the outlawing of capital punishment, strong efforts to eliminate poverty, strict gun control, a social liberal attitude toward women's rights (like pregnancy termination) and LGBTQ rights, legalized euthanasia and cannabis use are indicators of Canada's political and cultural values. [481] Most recently, Canada hosted the 2015 Pan American Games and 2015 Parapan American Games in Toronto, the former being one of the largest sporting events hosted by the country. Indigenous peoples have continuously inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years. [427] This progressed into three major themes that can be found within historical Canadian literature: nature, frontier life, and Canada's position within the world, all three of which tie into the garrison mentality. 49,871. [298] The main drivers of population growth are immigration and, to a lesser extent, natural growth. [82] During this time, Canada introduced the Indian Act extending its control over the First Nations to education, government and legal rights. [11] In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada. [212] Most notably, a series of eleven treaties known as the Numbered Treaties were signed between the Indigenous peoples and the reigning monarch of Canada between 1871 and 1921. English and French are its official languages. [92], Canada's strong attachment to the British Empire and Commonwealth led to major participation in British military efforts in the Second Boer War (18991902), World War I (19141918) and World War II (19391945). [298] Canada spans latitudinally from the 83rd parallel north to the 41st parallel north, and approximately 95percent of the population is found south of the 55th parallel north. [293] Canada is a participant in the International Space Station (ISS), and is a pioneer in space robotics, having constructed the Canadarm, Canadarm2 and Dextre robotic manipulators for the ISS and NASA's Space Shuttle. Other popular professional competitions include the Canadian Football League, National Lacrosse League, the Canadian Premier League, and the various curling tournaments sanctioned and organized by Curling Canada. Sell your goods or services to the government WebCanada is a country in North America.Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world's second-largest country by total area.Its southern and western border with the United States, stretching [243] Canada's military currently has over 3000 personnel deployed overseas in multiple operations, such as Operation Snowgoose in Cyprus, Operation Unifier supporting Ukraine, Operation Caribbe in the Caribbean Sea, and Operation Impact, a coalition for the military intervention against ISIL. More details on the reporting schedule. Of all Canadas top sights, Banff National Park justifiably ranks as many peoples number one. [273] The country is a leading exporter of zinc, uranium, gold, nickel, platinoids, aluminum, steel, iron ore, coking coal, lead, copper, molybdenum, cobalt, and cadmium. Provincial and territorial case numbers. Apply to travel, study, work or immigrate to Canada, apply for citizenship, a permanent resident card or refugee protection, check the status of your application or find a form. [18] The term Dominion was used to distinguish the federal government from the provinces, though after the Second World War the term federal had replaced dominion. This spring, Hudson's Bay Company is set to open Zellers stores inside 25 The Bay locations across Canada. After a tumultuous first two seasons on the job, Matt Canada will return as the Pittsburgh Steelers' offensive coordinator in 2023, according to the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. [9] In 1535, Indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona. Includes workplace eligibility, steps to apply, processing times, and what you need to do before you work in Canada. This spring, Hudson's Bay Company is set to open Zellers stores inside 25 The Bay locations across Canada. [418] Canada's official tartan, known as the "maple leaf tartan", has four colours that reflect the colours of the maple leaf as it changes through the seasonsgreen in the spring, gold in the early autumn, red at the first frost, and brown after falling. Its advanced economy is the eighth-largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade networks. [460] Music broadcasting in the country is regulated by the CRTC. thng tin) cn gi l Gia N i) l quc gia c din tch ln th hai trn th gii, v nm cc bc ca Bc M. [122], By total area (including its waters), Canada is the second-largest country in the world, after Russia. [188] To ensure the stability of government, the governor general will usually appoint as prime minister the individual who is the current leader of the political party that can obtain the confidence of a plurality in the House of Commons. Equalization payments are made by the federal government to ensure reasonably uniform standards of services and taxation are kept between the richer and poorer provinces. [105], At the same time, Quebec underwent profound social and economic changes through the Quiet Revolution of the 1960s, giving birth to a secular nationalist movement. Deaths. "They serve FranceHow can I serve Canada? as, for instance, in the following example of a show funded by the Government of Canada at the Peel Art Gallery Museum + Archives, Brampton: officially bilingual (English and French), long and complex relationship with the United States, 24th highest nominal per capita income globally, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Linguistic areas of North American Indigenous peoples, Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, the growth and change of Canada's provinces and territories, Indigenous peoples of the Canadian Prairies, hundreds of Indigenous people were discovered, world's largest land border with the United States, Terrestrial ecozones and ecoprovinces of Canada, fifteen terrestrial and five marine ecozones, endemic species compared to other countries, Lake Superior National Marine Conservation Area, Scott Islands Marine National Wildlife Area, minister of innovation, science and industry, constitutionally recognized rights to land, United Nations Conference on International Organization, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Canada United States Free Trade Agreement, has one of the highest levels of Internet access in the world, Health expenditure and financing by country, Canadian Institute for Health Information, Programme for International Student Assessment, Canada's federal government practices official bilingualism, The official state policy of multiculturalism, Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission, Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences, "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population", Public Works and Government Services Canada Translation Bureau, "An Act to Re-write the Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, and for the Government of Canada", "November 8, 1951 (21st Parliament, 5th Session)", "Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada: Calls to Action", "L'Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site", "The Irish Emigration of 1847 and Its Canadian Consequences", "The Pacific Coast Borderland and Frontier", "Railway History in Canada | The Canadian Encyclopedia", "The Canadian West: An Archival Odyssey through the Records of the Department of the Interior", "Settling the West: Immigration to the Prairies from 1867 to 1914", "Social Policies in Canada: A Model for Development", "Proclamation of the Constitution Act, 1982", "Canada is celebrating 150 years of what, exactly? January 16, 2023, 3:32 p.m. EST. Visit our Campus. Given its abundant natural resources, highly skilled labor force, and modern capital stock, Canada enjoyed solid economic growth from 1993 through 2007. Ottawa is its capital and Toronto is its largest city. [458] Government support programs, such as the Canada Music Fund, assist a wide range of musicians and entrepreneurs who create, produce and market original and diverse Canadian music. The border of Canada with the US is the longest bi-national land border in the world. 49,871. [164][165], At the federal level, Canada has been dominated by two relatively centrist parties practising "brokerage politics",[a] the centre-left leaning Liberal Party of Canada and the centre-right leaning Conservative Party of Canada (or its predecessors). [87] The Military Service Act brought in compulsory military service, though it, coupled with disputes over French language schools outside Quebec, deeply alienated Francophone Canadians and temporarily split the Liberal Party. Stanley Park. [70][71] Canada assumed control of Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory to form the Northwest Territories, where the Mtis' grievances ignited the Red River Rebellion and the creation of the province of Manitoba in July 1870. [299] Canada has one of the highest per-capita immigration rates in the world,[300] driven mainly by economic policy and also family reunification. [258] The country's average household disposable income per capita is "well above" the OECD average. [64] New arrivals included refugees escaping the Great Irish Famine as well as Gaelic-speaking Scots displaced by the Highland Clearances. Zellers canada locations 2023. [349] The major panethnic groups chosen were: European (52.5percent), North American (22.9percent), Asian (19.3percent), North American Indigenous (6.1percent), African (3.8percent), Latin, Central and South American (2.5percent), Caribbean (2.1percent), Oceanian (0.3percent), and other (6percent). COVID-19 in Canada. [18] The Act of Union 1840 merged the Canadas into a united Province of Canada and responsible government was established for all provinces of British North America east of Lake Superior by 1855. [180], Canada has a parliamentary system within the context of a constitutional monarchythe monarchy of Canada being the foundation of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. [189] Canada's three territories also have legislatures, but these are not sovereign and have fewer constitutional responsibilities than the provinces. [225], Canada and the United States share the world's longest undefended border, co-operate on military campaigns and exercises, and are each other's largest trading partner. [469] Canada's official national sports are ice hockey and lacrosse. [445] Canadian tax laws limit foreign competition in magazine advertising. Experience the beautiful campus and enriching community that makes Caada College the school for you! Call us in Washington, D.C. at 1-888-407-4747 (toll-free in the United States and Canada) or 1-202-501-4444 (from all other countries) from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays). [373], Additionally, Canada is home to many sign languages, some of which are Indigenous. [223] Canada joined the Organization of American States (OAS) in 1990 and hosted the OAS General Assembly in 2000 and the 3rd Summit of the Americas in 2001. [349][350] Statistics Canada reports that 35.5percent of the population reported multiple ethnic origins, thus the overall total is greater than 100percent. The United States and Canada traded goods and services of $680 billion in 2017 more than $1.8 billion per day. Please select all that apply: Includes workplace eligibility, steps to apply, processing times, and what you need to do before you work in Canada. [67] The signing of the Oregon Treaty by Britain and the United States in 1846 ended the Oregon boundary dispute, extending the border westward along the 49th parallel. [453], Canadian visual art has been dominated by figures such as painter Tom Thomson and by the Group of Seven. [341] The country invests heavily in tertiary education (more than US$20,000 per student). Education in both English and French is available in most places across Canada. The maple leaf is depicted on Canada's current and previous flags, and on the Arms of Canada. The border of Canada with the US is the longest bi-national land border in the world. The Province of Canada (or the United Province of Canada or the United Canadas) was a British colony in British North America from 1841 to 1867. [66] The Durham Report subsequently recommended responsible government and the assimilation of French Canadians into English culture. [401][402] In Quebec, cultural identity is strong, and there is a French Canadian culture that is distinct from English Canadian culture. [475], Canada has enjoyed success both at the Winter Olympics and at the Summer Olympics,[476] though particularly the Winter Games as a "winter sports nation", and has hosted several high-profile international sporting events such as the 1976 Summer Olympics,[477] the 1988 Winter Olympics,[478] the 2010 Winter Olympics[479][480] and the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. Quebec. It is the worlds second-largest country by total area, although as a whole the country is sparsely populated. [322][323], In 2021, the Canadian Institute for Health Information reported that healthcare spending reached $308billion, or 12.7 percent of Canada's GDP for that year. A booster dose can help strengthen our protection against severe forms of COVID-19 Report a problem or mistake on this page. [192], Each of the 338 members of Parliament in the House of Commons is elected by simple plurality in an electoral district or riding. [48] In 1600, the French established their first seasonal trading post at Tadoussac along the Saint Lawrence. [324] Canada's per-capita spending on health expenditures ranked 4th among health-care systems in the OECD. The territories being creatures of the federal government, changes to their role and division of powers may be performed unilaterally by the Parliament of Canada. [216] Canada's foreign policy based on international peacekeeping and security is carried out through coalitions and international organizations, and through the work of numerous federal institutions. A house was sold without the owners' consent. [117], In 2011, Canadian forces participated in the NATO-led intervention into the Libyan Civil War,[118] and also became involved in battling the Islamic State insurgency in Iraq in the mid-2010s. Zellers canada locations 2023. [46][47], In 1583, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, by the royal prerogative of Queen Elizabeth I, founded St. John's, Newfoundland, as the first North American English seasonal camp. [296], The 2021 Canadian census enumerated a total population of 36,991,981, an increase of around 5.2 percent over the 2016 figure. Area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada its GDP on education the worlds most populated... 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